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24 Solar Terms: 8 things you may not know about Start of Winter
關于立冬的8個小常識
The traditional Chinese solar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Start of Winter, the 19th solar term of the year, begins this year on Nov 8 and ends on Nov 21.
中國傳統二十四節氣的第19個節氣是立冬，今年的立冬從11月8日開始，11月21日結束。
Start of Winter is the first solar term of winter, which means winter is coming and crops harvested in autumn should be stored up.
立冬是冬季的第一個節氣，意味著冬天來臨，秋天收獲的糧食應該儲存起來了。
Here are eight things you should know about Start of Winter.
一起來了解一下關于立冬的8個小常識。
Beginning of winter or not
立冬標志著冬季的開始？未必。
In ancient times, the Chinese people took the Start of Winter to be the beginning of the winter. However in fact, the Start of Winter is not the beginning of winter in terms of meteorology. The climate every year is different, so the beginning of winter could be quite different. And with the vast territory of China, winter of every area doesn’t begin at the same time.
在古代，中國人認為立冬節氣代表著冬季的開始。事實上，從氣象學上看，立冬這天不一定就是冬季的開始。每年的氣候都不一樣，因此冬季開始的時間也大不相同。中國的國土這么遼闊，各個地區的冬季也不是在同一時間來臨。
Welcoming the winter in ancient times
古人迎接冬天的方式
The four beginnings of the seasons were important festivals in ancient times. Before the Start of Winter, the ancient emperor would take a shower and have no more meat. On that day, the emperor would lead his officials to the suburbs and perform the ceremony of "welcoming the winter."
四季的開始在古代都是重要的節日。在立冬前，古代帝王會沐浴齋戒。立冬那天，皇帝會率領官員到郊區舉辦迎冬儀式。
Eating dumplings
吃餃子
A legend has it that at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD25-220), "Medical Saint" Zhang Zhongjing saved many people in Henan province from a typhoid epidemic and their ears' from being frostbitten around Start of Winter.
傳說在東漢末年（公元25-220年），“醫圣”張仲景在河南治好了很多傷寒病人，還讓他們的耳朵在立冬之際免于生凍瘡。
He cooked mutton, hot peppers and herbs to dispel the cold and increase body heat. He wrapped these ingredients into a dough skin and made them into an ear shape. Since then, people have learned to make the food which became known as "dumpling". Today there is still a saying that goes "Eat dumplings on Start of Winter Day, or your ears will be frostbitten".
張仲景的方法是用羊肉、辣椒和驅寒暖身的藥草一起燉煮，煮熟后用面皮包成耳朵形狀。從那以后，人們學會了制作這種食物，也就是后來俗稱的“餃子”。時至今日仍然有“立冬不端餃子碗，凍掉耳朵沒人管”的說法。
Yifan Festival of Mulam Ethnic Minority
仫佬族的依飯節
Yifan Festival is one of the most important festivals of the Mulam ethnic minority in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. It is held around the Start of Winter every three to five years and lasts one to three days. The festival includes inviting the god, offering sacrifices, asking the god to enjoy the sacrifice, singing praise of the god, drinking wine with the blood of chicken, and sending the god off.
依飯節是廣西壯族自治區的仫佬族最隆重的節日之一。每隔三到五年立冬前后舉行一次，為期一至三天。節慶活動包括請圣、占牲、勸圣、唱神、合兵和送圣。
"Nourishing the winter"
“立冬補冬”
On the first day of Start of Winter, there is a custom, "nourishing the winter", in Southeast China in places such as Fujian, Guangdong and Taiwan provinces. To prepare for the oncoming cold winter, people there like to eat high-calorie food such as chicken, duck, beef, mutton, and fish, which are usually stewed with the four Chinese medicines: angelica, ligusticum wallichii, Chinese herbaceous peony and rehmannia glutinosa libosch, to enhance the effectiveness of the nourishment.
在立冬這天，中國東南部的一些地區，比如福建、廣東、臺灣省，都有“補冬”習俗。為了應對即將到來的寒冬，那里的人會吃雞、鴨、牛、羊、魚肉這樣的高熱量食物，而且通常都會加入當歸、川芎、白芍、熟地黃這四味中藥燉成“四物湯”來提高滋補效果。
Eating Chinese pumpkins
吃倭瓜
In Tianjin, on the first day of Start of Winter, people eat dumplings stuffed with Chinese pumpkins (wogua). It is a common vegetable in North China. Generally, the pumpkins are bought in the summer and stored until the Start of Winter when they are taken out.
在天津，人們在立冬這天會吃倭瓜餡兒餃子。這是中國北方常見的一種蔬菜。一般倭瓜都是在夏季買的，儲存到立冬時節再拿出來。
Eating tuanzi in Wuxi
無錫人冬至吃團子
On the first day of Start of Winter, people in Wuxi have a custom of eating tuanzi, a kind of traditional Chinese food made with rice. Most rural residents make tuanzi by themselves, while urban residents buy ready-made tuanzi. The tuanzi stuffing can be sweet bean paste, radish or lard.
立冬節氣的第一天，無錫人有吃團子的習俗。團子是一種用大米（糯米）制成的中國傳統食物。大多數農村居民都是自己做團子，城里人則購買現成的團子。團子餡兒可以是甜豆沙、蘿卜或豬油。
Offering sacrifices to ancestors
祭祀祖先
The Start of Winter, when the autumn crops have been placed in storage, was the time of the festival for the people of the Manchu Eight Banners and Han Eight Banners in Benxi of Liaoning province. Incense was burned and sacrifices offered to ancestors. The Eight Banners (baqi) were administrative/military divisions during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911).
到了立冬，秋糧一入庫，遼寧本溪滿族八旗和漢軍八旗人家就開始過節，燃香祭祖。八旗指的是清朝（1644-1911年）滿族的行政區劃或軍隊編制。
英文來源：中國日報網
翻譯&編輯：丹妮
本文轉載自中國日報網，如有侵權，請聯系我們刪除。
